Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• therapy; sonoporation; theranostics; ultrasound; ultrasound responsive nanomaterials; Review Introduction Smart drug delivery vehicles It is well known that the administration of most anticancer drugs can produce considerable systemic toxicity, which in some cases can be dose-limiting. Whether oral

• less-discussed US-responsive nanomaterials in addition to the conventional nanomaterials (i.e., microbubbles, micelles, liposomes, and nanoemulsions) is another distinguishable feature of this review. Ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials are discussed in terms of their background, structure, preparation

• compared to non-treated samples [154]. Other researchers have developed platinum-based NPs for sonodynamic therapy and ROS generation in both extra- and intracellular environments [155]. The schematic illustration of this mechanism is presented in Figure 2. Ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials Various